Understanding Thunderstorm Asthma: Causes, Symptoms, and Prevention – Dr Bharat Gopal
sudden thunderstorm and high-velocity winds could have other impacts than
fallen trees and traffic jams. “Thunderstorm asthma” was first
reported in the 1980s in England and Australia, with one such event reported
from Melbourne, Australia, in 2016, when approximately 9,000 people visited
Emergency Rooms.
These sudden storms have definite health consequences. What is
described in literature is that such events lead to a concentration of pollen,
allergens, and dust in the air. These particles are swept up into clouds where
humidity is high.
In the clouds, the effects of wind, humidity, and lightning
break up the particles to a size that can readily enter the nose, sinuses, and
lungs. High-speed winds tend to then concentrate these small particles so that
far greater amounts are inhaled.
These can harm anyone, but definitely those
with pre-existing allergies and asthma and extremes of age –Children and
elderly may suffer more. This may lead to symptoms such as a runny nose,
sneezing, and itchy eyes along with breathlessness and wheezing.
Thunderstorm
asthma is a serious health concern that requires understanding its causes,
symptoms, and prevention methods. Individuals can take proactive steps to
minimize its impact on their health and well-being.
Causes of
Thunderstorm Asthma
The main
cause of thunderstorm asthma is the concentration of pollen, allergens, and
dust particles in the air during thunderstorms. These particles become airborne
and are broken down into smaller sizes by the effects of wind, humidity, and
lightning. High-speed winds then further concentrate these particles, making
them more easily inhalable.
Symptoms
of Thunderstorm Asthma
Symptoms of
thunderstorm asthma can vary in severity but commonly include a runny nose,
sneezing, itchy eyes, breathlessness, and wheezing. These symptoms can develop
rapidly during or shortly after exposure to the storm.
Prevention
of Thunderstorm Asthma
To minimize
the risk of thunderstorm asthma, individuals can take the following preventive
measures:
- Stay Indoors: During thunderstorms, especially for
those with respiratory conditions, staying indoors can reduce exposure to
airborne particles. - Close Windows: Keep windows and doors closed to
prevent the entry of outdoor air containing allergens and pollutants. - Use Air Purifiers: Indoor air purifiers equipped with
HEPA filters can help remove airborne allergens and pollutants, improving
indoor air quality. - Wear Masks: In case staying indoors is not
possible or if the home is not airtight, wearing N95/N99 masks can help
prevent inhalation of harmful particles. - Take Medications: Individuals with pre-existing
respiratory conditions should continue taking their prescribed medications
properly and reach out to their doctor in case of symptoms.
By
understanding the causes, symptoms, and prevention methods of thunderstorm
asthma, individuals can better protect themselves during thunderstorms and
minimize the risk of respiratory distress. Prompt medical attention should be
sought if symptoms of thunderstorm asthma occur, ensuring timely intervention
and management.
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