Study Reveals High Rates of UTIs and SSIs Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty

USA: A recent study published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases revealed that urinary tract infections (UTIs) and surgical site infections (SSIs) are the most frequently occurring infections after gender-affirming vaginoplasty, with reported incidence rates of 17.5% and 5.5%, respectively.

Radhika Sheth, Division of Infectious Disease, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA, and colleagues conducted a retrospective cohort study to examine the epidemiology and incidence of infections following gender-affirming vaginoplasty.

The study included adults who underwent vaginoplasty at a single tertiary care center in Portland, Oregon, between 2016 and 2023. Surgical site infections were defined by at least two symptoms occurring within six months of surgery: fever, purulent drainage, localized pain, tenderness, wound dehiscence, necrosis, or increased edema or erythema. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were identified by a positive nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) or a reactive rapid plasma regain test with titers indicative of a new syphilis diagnosis. Urinary tract infections were defined as cystitis or at least one symptom of pyelonephritis—such as dysuria, frequency, suprapubic pain, flank pain, or fever—that led to an antibiotic prescription. Univariable logistic regression identified factors associated with infection risk.

The study included 398 participants with a median age of 39, of whom 80% were White and 86.5% were non-Hispanic. Among these, 381 individuals underwent primary vaginoplasty, while 17 had a revision of the initial surgery.

The study led to the following findings:

  • The overall incidence of infection was 1.25 per 1000 person-years, with a median time to infection of 53 days after vaginoplasty.
  • Urinary tract infections:
    • 17.5% of patients developed UTIs.
    • Of these, 87.1% had an available urine culture.
    • The two most common pathogens were Escherichia coli (38.5%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.5%).
    • Nine UTIs were treated empirically, and 24 were treated despite negative urine cultures.
  • Surgical site infections:
    • 5.5% of patients developed SSIs.
    • 86.3% of these were treated empirically without wound cultures.
    • Of the three patients with wound cultures, two grew polymicrobial skin flora, and one grew methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus.
  • Bacteremia and Pelvic Abscess:
    • There were three episodes of bacteremia.
    • One patient developed a pelvic abscess.
  • Sexually Transmitted Infections:
    • Two STIs were identified, but neither involved neogenitalia.
  • HIV Status:
    • Sixteen patients were living with HIV and on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the time of vaginoplasty.
    • Of these, 11 had an undetectable viral load in the year before surgery.
    • Among patients without known HIV, 22.5% were screened within 1 year before vaginoplasty, and 6% were prescribed pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).
    • After surgery, 19.1% of patients were screened for HIV, with no new diagnoses reported.

“Our study contributes valuable insights to the limited data on infectious complications following gender-affirming vaginoplasty (GAV). Healthcare providers should remain vigilant regarding the risk of postoperative urinary tract infections and surgical site infections as the demand for GAV continues to rise,” the researchers wrote.

“Additional research is necessary to identify specific risk factors for infections in this patient group. Furthermore, HIV screening and the provision of pre-exposure prophylaxis for this high-risk population should be prioritized. Ongoing studies are also essential to refine antibiotic therapy and stewardship strategies for individuals undergoing GAV,” they concluded.

Study limitations include missed infection diagnoses, potential misclassification, small sample size, and possible overestimation of PrEP use.

Reference:

Sheth, R., Bhaskara, A., Brown, H., Varley, C. D., Streifel, A., Maier, M., Sikka, M. K., & Evans, C. (2024). Infections Following Gender-Affirming Vaginoplasty: A Single-Center Experience. Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 11(10). https://doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofae526

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Low Conc. H2O2 Bleaching Gel Containing Fluoride and Nano Sodium Trimetaphosphate Effective and Enamel Friendly: Study

Brazil: A recent study has highlighted the benefits of a novel low-concentration hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel, which integrates nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (TMPnano) and fluoride. This innovative formulation aims to enhance teeth whitening while minimizing potential harm to tooth enamel.

The researchers revealed that the 17.5% hydrogen peroxide gel, enhanced with fluoride and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (F/TMPnano), preserves the whitening effect while minimizing enamel demineralization, surface roughness, hydrogen peroxide diffusion, and changes in enamel morphology. The findings were published online in the Journal of Dentistry on August 29, 2024.

Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem, São Paulo State University – UNESP, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil, and colleagues conducted the study to assess the in vitro impact of incorporating TMPnano and sodium fluoride (F) into a 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching gel on color change, enamel mechanical and morphological properties, and the diffusion of H2O2 through enamel and dentin.

The null hypothesis of this study is that there are no differences in the bleaching effectiveness and enamel alterations between treatments using TMPnano and sodium fluoride compared to those using the conventional bleaching agent.

The researchers assigned bovine enamel and dentin discs (n = 180) to different bleaching gel treatments: 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (17.5% HP); 17.5% hydrogen peroxide with 0.1% fluoride (HP/F); 17.5% hydrogen peroxide with 1% nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (HP/TMPnano); 17.5% hydrogen peroxide with 0.1% fluoride and 1% TMPnano (HP/F/TMPnano); and 35% hydrogen peroxide (35% HP). The gels were applied for 40 minutes across three sessions, each spaced one week apart.

Assessments included total color change (ΔE*ab) using the CIEDE2000 formula (ΔE00), whitening index (ΔWID), surface hardness (SH), surface roughness (Ra), cross-sectional hardness (ΔKHN), and transamelodentinal diffusion. Additionally, enamel surfaces were analyzed with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS).

The study led to the following findings:

  • ΔE*ab, ΔE00, and ΔWID values were comparable among the gels that produced a bleaching effect post-treatment.
  • The HP/F/TMPnano group exhibited lower mineral loss (SH and ΔKHN), Ra, and H2O2 diffusion compared to the 17.5% HP and 35% HP groups, with the highest values.
  • SEM/EDS analysis revealed surface changes in all bleached groups, though these changes were less pronounced with F/TMPnano.

Given the data and the limitations of the experimental model, the researchers concluded that incorporating fluoride and nano-sized sodium trimetaphosphate (F/TMPnano) into the 17.5% H2O2 bleaching gel significantly minimizes losses in surface and cross-sectional hardness, reduces surface roughness, limits the trans-amelodentinal diffusion of H2O2, and prevents morphological changes in the enamel. Additionally, this modification does not compromise the bleaching effectiveness of the gel.

Reference:

Nunes, G. P., Marques, M. T., De Toledo, P. T. A., Alves, R. D. O., Martins, T. P., & Delbem, A. C. B. (2024). Effect of a novel Low-Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide Bleaching Gel Containing Nano-Sized Sodium Trimetaphosphate and fluoride. Journal of Dentistry, 105330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105330

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FDA Approves First Gene Therapy for Treatment of AADC deficiency

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Kebilidi (eladocagene exuparvovec-tneq), an adeno-associated virus vector-based gene therapy indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency. Kebilidi is the first FDA-approved gene therapy for treatment of AADC deficiency.

The FDA granted approval of Kebilidi to PTC Therapeutics, Inc.

“Clinical advancements in the field of gene therapy continue to lead to the discovery and availability of innovative treatment options for rare diseases that are otherwise difficult to manage,” said Peter Marks, M.D., Ph.D., director of the FDA’s Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER). “Today’s approval underscores our commitment to help make safe and effective treatments available for patients in need.”

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency is a rare genetic disorder that affects the production of some neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that allow cells in the body’s nervous system to communicate with each other. Affected individuals may experience symptoms such as delays in gross motor function (head control, sitting, standing, and walking), hypotonia (weak muscle tone), and developmental and cognitive delays.

“AADC deficiency can cause a range of debilitating symptoms, including life-threatening complications,” said Nicole Verdun, M.D., director of the Office of Therapeutic Products in CBER. “Today’s approval represents important progress in the advancement and availability of safe and effective treatments for debilitating genetic disorders.”

Kebilidi is administered via four infusions in one surgical session into a large structure in the brain involved in motor control. Kebilidi should be administered in a medical center that specializes in pediatric stereotactic neurosurgery-a technique that uses imaging and special equipment to deliver therapies to specific areas in the brain. After infusion of Kebilidi, treatment results in the expression of AADC and subsequent increase in the production of dopamine, a critical neurotransmitter in the brain associated with movement, attention, learning and memory.

The safety and effectiveness of Kebilidi were demonstrated in an open-label, single-arm clinical study in 13 pediatric patients with confirmed diagnosis of AADC deficiency. At the start of the study, all patients had no gross motor function (the most severe presentation of AADC deficiency) and decreased AADC activity in the plasma. Patients treated with Kebilidi were compared to untreated patients (natural history). Motor milestone assessments were completed for 12 of the 13 patients at week 48 after receiving the treatment. The efficacy of Kebilidi was demonstrated based on gross motor function improvement in 8 of 12 treated patients, which has not been reported in untreated patients with the severe presentation of AADC deficiency.

The most common adverse reactions of Kebilidi are dyskinesia (involuntary muscle movements), fever, low blood pressure, anemia (low red blood cell count), increased saliva production, insomnia, low levels of potassium, phosphate, and/or magnesium, and procedural complications such as respiratory and cardiac arrest. It is also contraindicated in patients who have not achieved skull maturity assessed by neuroimaging.

Kebilidi was approved using the Accelerated Approval pathway. Accelerated approval allows the FDA to approve certain products for serious or life-threatening conditions based on evidence of a product’s effect on a surrogate endpoint or an intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. In the FDA’s evaluation of Kebilidi for accelerated approval, evidence of effectiveness is based on early improvements in gross motor function measured at 48 weeks after treatment. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit of the product, such as the durability of the improvements, in a confirmatory clinical trial. A confirmatory trial is ongoing to verify Kebilidi’s clinical benefit.

The application received Priority Review and Orphan Drug designation, and was granted a rare pediatric disease priority review voucher by the FDA.

The FDA also authorized the SmartFlow Neuro Cannula, an infusion tube inserted into a target in the brain (parenchymal tissue), to deliver Kebilidi. The SmartFlow Neuro Cannula is currently the only FDA authorized device indicated for use to administer Kebilidi. The FDA granted authorization of the SmartFlow Neuro Cannula to ClearPoint Neuro, Inc.

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Experiences of discrimination linked to postpartum weight retention

Researchers have been unable to explain why after giving birth, Black patients are two to three times as likely to retain or gain additional weight compared to their white counterparts, even when pre-pregnancy weight and gestational-weight trajectories are comparable.

A first-of-its-kind study by University of Pittsburgh epidemiologists points to the stress of lived experiences with racism and gender-based discrimination as a possible explanation. The study was reported today in the American Journal of Epidemiology.

Since postpartum weight retention is associated with increased cardiovascular risk and other negative health outcomes that persist throughout one’s life, the new research suggests interventions that address the underlying stressors of discrimination could be an important complement to community and clinical interventions.

“Beyond individual choices and behavior, we have to account for an individual’s environment, because that can have an impact on health, too,” said lead author Dara Méndez, Ph.D., M.P.H., associate professor of epidemiology and associate director of the Center for Health Equity at Pitt Public Health. “Context matters, and lived experiences matter. How can we link people to appropriate services and support in the postpartum period, in light of exposure to stress and experiences of discrimination?”

As part of the Postpartum Mothers Mobile Study (PMOMS), researchers recruited 313 pregnant individuals between 2017 and 2020, following them from their second trimester through one year postpartum.

Study participants weighed themselves on a weekly basis using Bluetooth-enabled scales, and completed brief surveys via smartphone once a day, on average. Study participants were asked about everyday experiences, including daily experiences of stress and discrimination.

The surveys were administered using a method called ecological momentary assessment (EMA), which aims to capture data on thoughts and behaviors in real time, while the participant is in their natural environment. In addition, the study captured acute exposure to discrimination with major institutions such as applying for loans, interacting with teachers or academic advisors, searching for or retaining employment, and interacting with police, including being unfairly stopped, searched, questioned, threatened or abused.

Black participants retained 0.3 more pounds for every 10% increase in the number of days they experienced racial discrimination in the previous month. Gender discrimination was also associated with weight retention, with 0.4 more pounds retained per 10% increase in days with these experiences. These findings persisted even when pregnancy-health factors had been comparable to those of participants who experienced less racial and gender discrimination.

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Maternal RSV vaccination 5 weeks prior to delivery best for efficient transfer of maternal antibodies to newborn: Study

Current guidelines recommend that pregnant people receive a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)—which typically causes mild, cold-like symptoms in most adults but can be deadly for infants—during weeks 32–36 of pregnancy. New research led by investigators at Mass General Brigham suggests that vaccination earlier in that timeframe, closer to 32 weeks, could provide the best protection for newborns against RSV. The findings are published in the American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology.

“Receiving the RSV vaccine in pregnancy is an important way mothers can protect their newborns and infants from RSV, the leading cause of hospitalization in U.S. infants,” said senior author Andrea Edlow, MD MSc, a maternal-fetal medicine specialist in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Massachusetts General Hospital, a founding member of the Mass General Brigham healthcare system.

“However, it wasn’t clear whether it was equivalent to vaccinate at any time within the approved window, or whether specific weeks were most optimal. Because the RSV vaccine was ultimately approved for administration during a narrower gestational age window than was originally studied in the large clinical trial, more information was needed about how maternal antibodies travel across the placenta week over week across the approved window.”

Edlow and her team’s prior work evaluating prenatal administration of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines demonstrated that timing of maternal vaccination was associated with altered maternal responses and transplacental antibody transfer to the fetus. To assess whether maternal vaccine timing is also an important consideration for RSV vaccination, the investigators measured RSV antibodies in the umbilical cord at the time of delivery among 124 women who received the RSV vaccine during weeks 32–36 of pregnancy and in the blood of 29 2-month-old infants of these mothers.

All study participants were receiving care at Massachusetts General Hospital or Mount Sinai Health System in New York City. Levels of RSV antibodies can predict protection against RSV infection in infants too young to yet receive their own vaccines.

The investigators found that maternal RSV vaccination at least 5 weeks prior to delivery led to the most efficient transfer of maternal antibodies across the placenta to the newborn, compared with maternal vaccination at 2-3 or 3-4 weeks prior to delivery.

In an additional analysis, RSV antibody levels in maternal and cord blood after RSV vaccination were compared with RSV antibody levels in 20 unvaccinated mothers. Maternal RSV vaccination resulted in significantly higher and longer-lasting maternal and cord RSV antibody levels.

“This work provides much-needed data to guide physicians in counseling patients about RSV vaccine timing during pregnancy,” said Edlow. “Our findings suggest that being vaccinated earlier within the approved timeframe allows for the most efficient placental transfer of antibody to the newborn. They also may have implications for when the RSV monoclonal antibody, Nirsevimab, should be administered to newborns. Similar research should be conducted for other vaccines administered during pregnancy.”

The investigators noted that additional studies are needed to determine the minimum amount of antibody transfer and/or infant blood antibody levels needed to adequately protect infants against RSV. It will also be important to understand the potential additive protection for infants provided by breastmilk from RSV-vaccinated mothers. This study was designed to measure antibody transfer, but larger studies of infants 2 to 6 months of age will be needed to determine the extent to which this leads to enhanced protection.

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Fasting-mimicking diet found effective against chronic kidney disease, suggests study

A new study published in the journal of Science Translation Medicine showed that a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) improved kidney function in a mouse model by lowering proteinuria and improved endothelial function and encouraged renal protection in chronic kidney disease (CKD). The cycles of a fasting-mimicking diet encourage regeneration and lessen damage in the pancreas, blood, stomach, and neurological system of the mice. While many organs benefit from fasting-mimicking diets, it is unclear how FMDs directly impact podocyte function and chronic kidney disease. Further, rats have not been used to test for an FMD. Thus, Villani and colleagues examined the effects of a low-salt FMD on chronic renal disease in a rat.

This study induced and fed CKD animal models a low-salt FMD that is comparable to what stage-III CKD patients in humans should consume each day. For 5 days a month for 3 months, the 13 clinical study participants consumed a plant-based meal that included unique vegetable-based soup, energy bar, energy drink, chip snack, tea, and important fatty acid and mineral-rich supplement formulations. Body composition, oxidative stress and inflammation markers, serum level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), cardiovascular and endothelial risk factors, renal function markers, regenerative markers (circulating stem cells), and psychocognitive evaluation were among the physiological markers that this research assessed before, during, and, for some parameters, a year after the end of the intervention. The metabolic parameters of the animals were assessed.

The deterioration of kidney structures and function in rodents was slowed by 6 cycles of the proprietary low-salt FMD. This resulted in a significant decrease in glomerular and tubular injury, as well as a significant decrease in the albumin-to-creatine ratio and blood urea nitrogen at 4 and 6 weeks following the diet cycles. The FMD improved proteinuria, decreased inflammation, and alleviated renal impairment in the clinical study. 

When combined, these early findings provide credence to the viability of FMD and the necessity of conducting extensive randomized studies to determine whether the disease-reversing and regenerative benefits of the diet would also apply to people. Overall, the findings of this pilot clinical trial demonstrated that the FMD is well tolerated and preserves lean muscle mass in individuals with stage-III CKD. 

Reference:

Villani, V., Frank, C. N., Cravedi, P., Hou, X., Bin, S., Kamitakahara, A., Barbati, C., Buono, R., Da Sacco, S., Lemley, K. V., De Filippo, R. E., Lai, S., Laviano, A., Longo, V. D., & Perin, L. (2024). A kidney-specific fasting-mimicking diet induces podocyte reprogramming and restores renal function in glomerulopathy. In Science Translational Medicine (Vol. 16, Issue 771). American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.adl5514

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Early Antihypertensive Treatment may increase Death risk among Stroke Patients with PAD: CATIS-2 Trial Analysis

China: A recent secondary analysis of the CATIS-2 randomized clinical trial has revealed that early initiation of antihypertensive treatment in patients with acute single subcortical infarction (SSI) and coexisting parent artery disease (PAD) stenosis could potentially elevate the risk of functional dependency or death within 90 days.

The findings published in JAMA Network Open underscore the need for a cautious approach to blood pressure (BP) management in these patients.

The China Antihypertensive Trial in Acute Ischemic Stroke II (CATIS-2) indicates that early antihypertensive treatment does not reduce the risk of dependency or death in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) compared to delayed treatment. Given that single subcortical infarction is a significant subtype of stroke, the impact of the timing of antihypertensive therapy on clinical outcomes in these cases remains uncertain.

Against the above background, Yufei Wei, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, and colleagues examine the relationship between early versus delayed antihypertensive treatment and clinical outcomes in patients with SSI, with a focus on whether the presence of PAD stenosis influences these outcomes.

This secondary analysis of the CATIS-2 randomized clinical trial involved 106 hospitals across China from June 2018 to July 2022. The trial included patients with AIS who presented within 24 to 48 hours of symptom onset and had elevated systolic blood pressure. For the current post hoc subgroup analysis, participants with SSI detected via diffusion-weighted imaging were examined. Patients were categorized into two groups: those with SSI and PAD stenosis, and those with SSI but without PAD stenosis. Statistical analysis for this study was conducted between July 2023 and May 2024.

The exposures of interest were early antihypertensive therapy (initiated immediately) versus delayed therapy (starting on day 8). The primary outcome measure was the combination of functional dependency or death, assessed by a modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3 at 90 days.

The study led to the following findings:

  • Among 997 patients with SSI in CATIS-2 (mean age, 62.4 years; 61.4% men), 11.6% had SSI with PAD, and 88.4% had SSI without PAD.
  • There was no significant difference in the primary outcome between early and delayed antihypertensive treatment groups among all patients with SSI (8.8% versus 7.1%; OR, 125).
  • Among patients with SSI with PAD, early antihypertensive treatment was associated with increased risk of the primary outcome compared with delayed treatment (23.4% versus 7.7%; OR, 3.67); this finding was not observed in patients with SSI without PAD (6.6% versus 7.1%; OR, 0.93).
  • Significant interaction with treatment and PAD stenosis presence was detected for the primary outcome.

The findings showed no overall association between early versus delayed antihypertensive treatment and clinical outcomes within three months for patients with acute single subcortical infarction. However, a significant interaction between treatment timing and the presence of parent artery disease stenosis was observed. Early antihypertensive treatment was linked to a higher risk of death or functional dependency at 90 days among patients with SSI who also had PAD stenosis, a relationship not seen in those without PAD stenosis.

“Further research is needed to investigate the mechanisms behind these findings and to develop more individualized blood pressure management strategies for patients with SSI,” the researchers concluded.

Reference:

Wei Y, Xie X, Pan Y, et al. Early vs Delayed Antihypertensive Treatment in Acute Single Subcortical Infarction: A Secondary Analysis of the CATIS-2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(8):e2430820. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.30820

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Cannabis use can cause chromosomal damage, increasing cancer risk and harming offspring: Study

Cannabis use causes cellular damage that increases the risk of highly cancerous tumours, according to a new paper published in the scientific journal Addiction Biology. The paper describes cannabis as a “genotoxic” substance because it damages a cell’s genetic information, which can lead to DNA mutations, accelerated aging, and cancer. To make matters worse, this genotoxicity may be transmitted via damaged egg and sperm to the cannabis user’s offspring, making the risk of cannabis use trans-generational.

In a recent publication in Addiction Biology researchers from The University of Western Australia have made a link between established knowledge that cannabis use damages cellular energy production by inhibiting mitochondria and new cancer research published in Science showing that mitochondrial dysfunction drives chromosomal damage, which shows up as increased rates of cancer, accelerated aging, and birth defects.

The Science studies were not conducted in the context of cannabis use; however, they provide mechanistic insights into some observations about cannabis use that were not previously well understood, such as that cannabis causes both mitochondrial and genetic damage. Taken together, the article in Addiction Biology put older historical research about cannabis into context and suggests that cannabis-related genotoxic damage may be all around us-even if we largely don’t see it.

Co-author Dr. Stuart Reece comments: “The link we’ve described between cannabis use and genotoxicity has far-reaching consequences. This new research shows how genetic damage from cannabis use can be passed down the generations. This should reframe the discussion surrounding cannabis legalization from a personal choice to one that potentially involves multiple subsequent generations.”

Reference:

Albert Stuart Reece, Gary Kenneth Hulse, Key insights into cannabis-cancer pathobiology and genotoxicity, Addiction Biology, https://doi.org/10.1111/adb.70003

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Platelet-rich plasma improves healing of acute patellar tendon defect if injected early after injury: Study

Platelet-rich plasma improves healing of acute patellar tendon defect if injected early after injury suggests a study published in the BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders.

There is no consensus on the frequency and timing of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection in tendon healing. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of single versus multiple PRP injections in the healing of patellar tendon defects in the experimental model, through histological and biomechanical investigation. Forty-four male skeletally mature Dutch rabbits were randomly divided into the five study groups ( A, B,C, D,E). After creating a longitudinal acute patellar tendon defect on both knees (One-third the width of the patella tendon), the right legs of the rabbits were used as the intervention group and the left legs as the control groups. Animals in groups A, B, and C were euthanized on days 7, 14, and 28, respectively, after the first PRP injection. Animals in group D received the second PRP injection on day 10 and was euthanized on day 14. Animals in group D received the second and third PRP injections on days 10 and 20, respectively, and were euthanized on day 28. The outcomes were evaluated histologically (modification of Movin’s Grading) and biomechanically. Results

The inflammatory condition was exaggerated in groups D and E. Load at failure was higher in the non-injected side of groups D and E, while there was no significant difference between the right and left legs of the three groups A, B and C. In other word, groups with a single PRP injection were more resistant to the increasing load compared to the groups with multiple PRP injections. PRP improves tendon healing if injected early after injury, while its injection after the initial phase of injury hampers tendon healing. In addition, a single PRP injection seems to be more effective than multiple PRP injection. Therefore, in cases where PRP injection is indicated for tendon repair, such as acute tendon injury, we recommend using a single PRP injection during tendon repair surgery.

Reference:

Ghaderi, M.T., Momenzadeh, O.R., Jaberi, F.M. et al. Effect of a single versus serial platelet-rich plasma injection on acute patellar tendon defect healing: an experimental study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 25, 684 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-024-07804-4

Keywords:

Platelet-rich, plasma, improves, healing, acute, patellar, tendon, defect, injected, early, after, injury, study, Ghaderi, M.T., Momenzadeh, O.R., Jaberi, F.M, Platelet-rich plasma, Tendon defect, Patellar tendon, Rabbit model, Knee, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders

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NMC vs Pacific Medical College: HC stays ruling on additional MBBS seats, students in Limbo

MBBS Students, who were admitted to Pacific Medical College, Bhilo ka Bedla this year, are facing uncertainty regarding their future as a Division bench of the Rajasthan High Court has now overturned an earlier order of the High Court allowing an increase of MBBS seats at the institute.

However, the HC bench comprising Justices Shree Chandrashekhar and Rekha Borana clarified that the students who have already deposited the fee with the Counselling Board, shall be at liberty to pray for a refund of the same and if any such prayer is made, the appellants/Counselling Board shall be under an obligation to refund the same with immediate effect.

For more information, click on the link below:

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