Radiologists could soon be using AI to detect brain tumors

A paper titled “Deep Learning and Transfer Learning for Brain Tumor Detection and Classification” published in Biology Methods and Protocols shows that scientists can train artificial intelligence (AI) models to distinguish brain tumors from healthy tissue. AI models can already find brain tumors in MRI images almost as well as a human radiologist.

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Study challenges safety concerns over planned home births for low-risk pregnancies

In low-risk pregnancies, mothers and children are just as safe with a planned home birth as they are with a planned birth center birth, a national study led by Oregon State University researchers has shown.

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Q&A: A new medical AI model can help spot systemic disease by looking at a range of image types

Artificial intelligence is making impressive strides in its ability to read medical images. In a recent test in Britain’s National Health Service, an AI tool looked at the mammograms of over 10,000 women and correctly identified which patients were found to have cancer. The AI also caught 11 cases doctors had missed. But systemic diseases, such as lupus and diabetes, present a greater challenge for these systems, since diagnosis often involves many kinds of medical images, from MRIs to CT scans.

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New nasal vaccine shows promise in curbing whooping cough spread

As whooping cough cases rise in the U.S., a new nasal vaccine developed by Tulane University may hold the key to reducing the spread of the highly contagious respiratory disease.

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Pre-workout beetroot juice found to improve fitness gains in late postmenopausal women

Drinking beetroot juice before a workout could enhance the benefits of exercise training in postmenopausal women, according to new research. The findings from the study are published in the American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology.

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Jhansi Hospital Fire: One more rescued infant dies, toll rises to 12

Jhansi: Days after the tragic fire at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Jhansi’s Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College on Friday night, another newborn who was rescued has died, bringing the total number of casualties to 12, officials said.

Now 37 more newborns, who were rescued after the fire on Friday night, are undergoing treatment, a senior officer of the medical college said. 

“Of the 39 children rescued from the NICU fire on Friday night, one more has died. The child was admitted in a critical condition,” Dr Narendra Singh Sengar, the Principal of Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, told PTI.

Dr Sengar recounted that the fire broke out unexpectedly in the NICU late Friday night, where 49 children were being treated. While 39 children were saved, 10 had tragically died due to suffocation or burns.

Also Read:Jhansi Medical College fire: 10 children confimed dead, 16 battle for life

He added, “One of the rescued children passed away on Sunday morning, and another, the child of Jalaun resident Vishal and his wife Muskan, died on Monday during treatment due to illness. This brings the total fatalities to 12, while 37 children are still under treatment.”

Dr Sengar also said that the Director-General of Health and Medical Services, along with his team, visited the medical college on Monday to investigate the incident. The inspection included a thorough review of the fire-affected NICU.

According to the PTI report, when asked about the extent of the damages, Dr Sengar said, “It is currently very difficult to estimate the total losses caused by the fire.”

The fire, which broke out in the NICU of one of the major medical facilities in the Bundelkhand region of UP, has sparked concerns over safety protocols in healthcare institutions. The investigation into the cause of the fire and accountability for the tragedy is ongoing.

The Uttar Pradesh government had on Saturday formed a four-member committee to investigate the hospital fire. The panel has been tasked with identifying the cause of the fire and determining whether there was any negligence. The government has sought its report within seven days.

Also Read:Jhansi Medical College Fire: NHRC Directs UP Chief Secretary, DGP to Submit Report within a week

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J&K: Pregnant woman returned from PHC in absence of Gynaecologist, delivers baby in car

Jammu: A pregnant woman, who was turned away from the Primary Health Centre (PHC) Teryath due to the absence of a gynecologist, gave birth in a cab after being referred to a higher-level hospital in Rajouri district, Jammu and Kashmir.

According to the PTI report, Deputy Commissioner, Rajouri, Abhishek Sharma visited the PHC Teryath after the incident and instructed the additional deputy commissioner of Kalakote to conduct a detailed inquiry into the matter and submit a report at the earliest, they said.

Both the woman and her baby are in good health and are currently admitted to the PHC.

According to the relatives of the woman, they reached PHC Teryath on Sunday morning but the on-duty doctor, without examining the patient, referred her to a sub-district hospital due to the non-availability of a gynaecologist.

Also Read:Denied admission, woman delivers baby outside Haryana Government Hospital

However, the woman gave birth on the road while they were heading to the hospital in a cab.

During his visit to PHC Teryath on Monday, the deputy commissioner interacted with the woman and her family to understand the circumstances leading to the incident.

He assured the family of strict action and emphasized that such incidents are unacceptable in a system committed to providing accessible healthcare to all, an official spokesperson said.

While addressing the health officials present, the deputy commissioner directed them to work with utmost sincerity and diligence to prevent such incidents in the future.

Medical Dialogues team had earlier reported that altogether 6 doctors and 13 healthcare workers of Dr Ram Manohar Lohia Institute of Medical Sciences (RMLIMS) were suspended in connection to a case of medical negligence. Uttar Pradesh Deputy Chief Minister Brajesh Pathak ordered the suspension of these doctors and health workers after a patient was denied admission and was discharged from the Emergency Department with incomplete treatment.

Also Read:Woman delivers baby in autorickshaw, Maha hospital staff get show cause notice

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Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences gets CEP from EDQM for API, Octreotide

Karnataka: Shilpa Medicare has announced that the Company’’ 100% subsidiary, Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences
Limited has received a certificate of suitability (CEP) from EDQM (European Directorate for the Quality of
Medicines & Healthcare) for API, Octreotide.

Octreotide is synthetic peptide manufactured by Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences through solid phase
synthesis.

Acromegaly, severe diarrhea/flushing episodes associated with metastatic carcinoid tumors,
profuse watery diarrhea associated with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) secreting tumors.
Octreotide is second peptide molecule in Shilpa’ s peptide portfolio. 

Read also: USFDA accepts Shilpa Medicare CDMO partner Unicycive NDA for Oxylanthanum Carbonate

Medical Dialogues team had earlier reported that Shilpa Medicare CDMO partner Unicycive Therapeutics, Inc. had announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has accepted the New Drug Application (NDA) for Oxylanthanum Carbonate (OLC) and had set a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) target action date of June 28, 2025.

Read also: Shilpa Pharma Lifesciences receives CEP from EDQM for API, Desmopressin

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Early-life exposure to malnutrition tied to high susceptibility to osteoporosis in adulthood: Study

Early-life exposure to malnutrition is tied to high susceptibility to osteoporosis in adulthood suggests a study published in the International Journal of Surgery.

Evidence on the association between early-life malnutrition exposure at different developmental stages and the subsequent risk of osteoporosis and fractures in adulthood remains sparse and equivocal. This study sought to elucidate the relationship between malnutrition exposure in early life and the occurrence of osteoporosis and fractures later in life. This research is a cross-sectional analysis carried out within the framework of the China Community-based Cohort of Osteoporosis (CCCO), an ongoing community-based cohort study. Participants were stratified by birthdate into several categories: non-exposed, fetal, early childhood, mid-childhood, late childhood, and adolescence exposure groups. The non-exposure and adolescence exposure groups were consolidated into an “age-matched group” to provide a robust comparative framework for analyzing the probability of developing osteoporosis (defined as a T-score ≤ -2.5 in bone mineral density) and the frequency of self-reported fracture. Multiple logistic regression models were utilized to investigate the association between early-life malnutrition exposure and the risks of osteoporosis and fracture. Additionally, we validated our findings using the China Northwest Cohort (CNC). RESULTS: A total of 12,789 participants were included into the final analysis. After adjusting for various covariates, individuals exposed to malnutrition during their fetal and childhood stages (early, middle, and late) increased the likelihood of developing osteoporosis in adulthood, compared to their age-matched counterparts. In these four groups, the ORs (95% CI) for osteoporosis risk were 1.223 (1.035 to 1.445), 1.208 (1.052 to 1.386), 1.249 (1.097 to 1.421), and 1.101 (1.001 to 1.210), respectively (all P values < 0.05). Specifically, the late childhood exposure group showed a heightened risk of fracture, with an OR (95% CI) of 1.155 (1.033 to 1.291) and a P-value of 0.01127. Stratified analyses further found a significant correlation between early-life exposure to malnutrition and an elevated risk of osteoporosis in participants with lower educational attainment, overweight or obese participants. Additionally, corroborating evidence from the CNC confirmed the influence of malnutrition exposure on osteoporosis risk. Early-life exposure to malnutrition had a detrimental impact on bone health. Individuals who had experienced malnutrition during fetal and childhood stages (early, middle, and late) exhibited a high susceptibility to osteoporosis in adulthood, compared to age-matched cohorts. This susceptibility was particularly pronounced in women, and individuals who were overweight or obese, or had lower levels of education.

Reference:

Xu, Hongbin, et al. “Early-life Malnutrition Exposure Associated With Higher Osteoporosis Risk in Adulthood: a Large-scale Cross-sectional Study.” International Journal of Surgery (London, England), 2024

Keywords:

Early-life, exposure, malnutrition, high, susceptibility, osteoporosis, adulthood, study, International Journal of Surgery, Xu, Hongbin

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Depression and fluoxetine may negatively impact BMD and implant osseointegration independently: Study

Depression and fluoxetine negatively impact bone mineral density and implant osseointegration independently suggests a study published in the Clinical Oral Implants Research.

The aim of this study was to explore the effect of depression and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors on implant osseointegration and bone healing. Forty-eight 6- to 8-week-old SPF Sprague–Dawley male rats were randomly divided into four groups: the Control group, the Fluoxetine group, the Depression group and the De&Flu group. The rats in the Depression group and the De&Flu group were subjected to a depression modelling process, and the rats in the Control group and the Fluoxetine group were raised normally. Then, a titanium implant was placed in the right tibia of each rat. In the Fluoxetine group and De&Flu group, fluoxetine was injected subcutaneously daily, while subcutaneously injecting physiological saline in the Control group and Depression group. Collecting serum from the rats used for ELISA. The surgical area was cut for microcomputed tomography and histology observation. Results: After 12 weeks, bone mineral density was lower in the De&Flu group than in the Control group, Depression group and Fluoxetine group. Bone mineral density was also lower in the Depression group and the Fluoxetine group than in the Control group. The percentage of bone–implant contact (BIC%) in De&Flu rats was lower than in the Control, Depression and Fluoxetine groups. The BIC% in the Depression group and the Fluoxetine group was lower than in the Control group. Depression and fluoxetine negatively affect bone density and implant osseointegration independently, and this damaging effect is exacerbated when both factors are present. The mechanism may be related to the dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and inflammation in the body.

Reference:

Xiaowen, Y., Zhu, J., Gong, M., Meng, G., Tan, R., Zhang, Y., & Chen, Z. (2024). Effect of depression and the antidepressant fluoxetine on osseointegration—A pre-clinical in vivo experimental study. Clinical Oral Implants Research, 00, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/clr.14323

Keywords:

Depression, fluoxetine, negatively, impact, bone, mineral, density, implant, osseointegration, independently, study, Clinical Oral Implants Research, Xiaowen, Y., Zhu, J., Gong, M., Meng, G., Tan, R., Zhang, Y., & Chen, Z.

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